Highlands County, located in the heart of Florida’s peninsula, is a region with a rich history shaped by its natural beauty, Indigenous heritage, agricultural development, and modern growth. Known for its rolling hills, pristine lakes, and vibrant citrus industry, Highlands County has a unique story that reflects the broader trends of Florida’s history.
Indigenous Peoples and Early History
Pre-Colonial Era
The area now known as Highlands County was originally inhabited by Indigenous peoples, including the Calusa, Tequesta, and later the Seminole.
These groups lived off the land, relying on hunting, fishing, and gathering resources from the region’s lakes, rivers, and forests.
Seminole Presence
The Seminole people, a group formed from Creek migrants and Indigenous Floridians, became prominent in the area during the 18th and 19th centuries.
The Seminole Wars (1817–1858) between the U.S. government and the Seminole people shaped the region’s history, as the Seminole resisted forced removal.
19th Century: Exploration and Early Settlement
European Exploration
Spanish explorers and missionaries passed through the area in the 16th and 17th centuries, but permanent European settlement did not occur until much later.
The region remained largely undeveloped due to its remote location and challenging environment.
Pioneer Settlement
In the late 19th century, settlers began moving into the area, drawn by its fertile land and natural resources.
Early settlers established cattle ranches and farms, taking advantage of the region’s grasslands and proximity to lakes.
20th Century: Formation of Highlands County and Growth
Formation of Highlands County
Highlands County was established on April 23, 1921, carved out of portions of DeSoto County.
The county was named for its relatively high elevation compared to much of Florida, with rolling hills that rise above the surrounding flatlands.
Agriculture and Development
Agriculture became the backbone of Highlands County’s economy, with citrus farming, cattle ranching, and vegetable production playing significant roles.
The county’s fertile soil and favorable climate made it ideal for growing oranges, grapefruits, and other citrus fruits.
Tourism and Recreation
Highlands County’s natural beauty and outdoor recreational opportunities attracted tourists and retirees.
The development of attractions like Lake Placid, known as the “Town of Murals,” and Highlands Hammock State Park, one of Florida’s oldest state parks, boosted the local economy.
Population Growth
Highlands County experienced steady population growth throughout the 20th century, driven by its affordable cost of living and rural charm.
The county’s population is a mix of long-time residents and newcomers attracted to its small-town atmosphere.
Modern Highlands County
Economic Diversification
While agriculture remains a key industry, Highlands County has diversified its economy to include tourism, retail, and healthcare.
The county is also known for its role in the citrus industry, with large citrus groves and packing houses in the region.
Population Growth
Highlands County has experienced steady population growth, driven by its affordable cost of living and rural charm.
The county’s population is a mix of long-time residents and newcomers attracted to its small-town atmosphere.
Environmental Challenges
The county faces ongoing challenges related to water management, including concerns about water quality, algae blooms, and the health of its lakes.
Efforts are underway to restore the county’s ecosystems and balance the needs of agriculture, recreation, and environmental conservation.
Key Cities and Towns
Sebring
The county seat and largest city, known for its historic downtown, annual Sebring International Raceway event, and proximity to Lake Jackson.
Lake Placid
A small town known for its murals, outdoor recreation, and vibrant arts community.
Avon Park
A historic city with a strong sense of community, known for its historic architecture and outdoor recreation opportunities.
Cultural and Historical Landmarks
Highlands Hammock State Park
One of Florida’s oldest state parks, offering hiking trails, camping, and opportunities to explore the region’s natural beauty.
Sebring International Raceway
A world-famous racetrack that hosts the annual 12 Hours of Sebring endurance race, attracting motorsports enthusiasts from around the world.
The Lake Placid Murals
A collection of over 40 murals that depict the history and culture of Lake Placid and Highlands County.
Highlands County’s history is deeply intertwined with its natural environment, from the Indigenous peoples who first inhabited the region to the settlers who transformed it into an agricultural hub. Today, the county balances its rural heritage with modern growth, offering a unique blend of small-town charm, outdoor recreation, and economic opportunity.
